N-Phenylmaleimide (IMILEX™-P) N-phenylmaleimide

Basic Information

Chemical Structure
Chemical Formula	C10H7NO2
CAS No.	941-69-5
Molecular Weight	173.16
Packing Type	Paper bag (20 kg), Container bag (800 kg)

N-phenylmaleimide (IMILEX™-P) is a highly reactive compound, which Nippon Shokubai was the first in the world to commercialize using our proprietary technology. With its various unique features such as radical and ionic polymerization, photosensitivity, and disinfectant properties, IMILEX™-P can be used in a wide range of applications.

Typical Properties

Item	Unit	Representative Values
Appearance	―	Yellow solid
Melting Point	℃	88 – 90
Boiling Point	℃	135 (0.48 kPa)
Solubility	―	Generally, IMILEX™-P dissolves well in organic solvents, and is highly soluble particularly in acetone, DMF, acetic acid esters, and benzene, etc. Please refer to the Section 6. Solubility of IMILEX™-P.

Specifications

Item	Unit	Standard Values
Appearance	―	Yellow flakes
Melting Point	℃	89 min.
Water Content	wt%	0.1 max.

Copolymerization Reactivity

Listed below are the monomer reactivity ratios in the copolymerization of IMILEX™-P (M1) and various monomers (M2).

M2	r1	r2	r1×r2
Styrene	0.047	0.012	0.0006
Vinyl Chloride	1.260	0.062	0.08
Methyl Methacrylate	0.183	1.022	0.19

Packing Type

Paper bag (20 kg), Container bag (800 kg)

Applicable Laws and Regulations

Foreign laws and regulations on chemical substances

USA	TSCA: Listed
	SARA Title III 313: Not listed
	SNUR: Not listed
Canada	CEPA: NDSL listed
Australia	AICS: Listed
Europe	EINECS: 213-382-0
	Classification, etc.: Not listed on 67/548/EEC ANNEX I
Korea	ECL: KE-28389
Switzerland	SWISS: Not listed
The Philippines	PICCS: Listed

Solubility of IMILEX™-P (Amount of IMILEX-P soluble to 100 g of solvent at 25°C)

Solvent	Solubility (g)	Solvent	Solubility (g)	Solvent	Solubility (g)
Acrylonitrile	100	Ethyl acetate	29	o-Xylene	14
DMF	51	Benzene	28	Methanol	9
Acetone	48	Styrene	21	Ethanol	5
THF	44	Toluene	18	Water	0.11
MEK	39	Butyl acetate	18

Examples of Applications

High HDT thermoplastic resins, Paints and coatings, Adhesives, Pharmaceutical and agrochemical intermediates, Bactericides, Fungicides, Underwater organism repellents, Rubber vulcanization modifiers, Photosensitive resins, Insulating varnishes

Details of Functions

Modifies various resins

IMILEX™-P has radical polymerization properties and can be easily homopolymerized or copolymerized with other vinyl monomers.

Applications of Resin Modifiers

Resins	Purpose	Applications
Styrenic Polymers (ABS, ACS, AES, AAS, etc.)	Improves heat resistance and heat stability	Vehicle parts, light electrical appliances
PVC	Improves the heat resistance of PVC-ABS compounds	Housing for televisions, office devices, etc.
PMMA	Improves the heat resistance of acrylic resins	Optical disc substrates, optical fibers, lighting equipment parts
Polymer Alloys	Modifies PA, PC, PBT	Vehicle parts, household electrical appliances parts, office devices
α-Olefin (Maleic Anhydride, N-Phenylmaleimide Copolymer)		Water-soluble hot-melt adhesives, honeymoon adhesives
Phenolic Resins	Improves heat resistance	Heat-resistant adhesives of printed-circuit boards

Comparison of N-phenylmaleimide-modified ABS (IMILEX™-P) and α-methylstyrene-modified ABS

	N-phenylmaleimide-modified ABS	α-methylstyrene-modified ABS
Monomers for Improving Heat Resistance	IMILEX™-P	α-methylstyrene
Copolymerization Rate	Fast	Slow
ΔHDT/wt% – Monomer Additive Amount	1.5 – 2.5°C	Up to 0.5°C
HDT Upper Limit	150°C is also possible	Up to 115°C
Thermal Decomposition Temperature	High	Low
Melt Flow Rate	High	Low

Comparison of physical properties of N-phenylmaleimide-modified ABS (IMILEX™-P) and α-methylstyrene-modified ABS at same HDT

Properties	Unit	N-phenylmaleimide-modified ABS	α-methylstyrene-modified ABS
Heat Deflection Temperature	℃	105	105
Izod Impact Strength (1/2″, Notched)	kg･cm/cm	18	12
Melt Flow Rate (220°C/10 kg Load)	g/10min	10	6
Tensile Strength	kg/cm2	455	440
Flexural Strength	kg/cm2	760	720

Example of copolymerization

Initial composition in reactor	Methylethylketone	25.6wt%
	Styrene	6.5wt%
	t-butylperoxyoctate	0.4wt%
	n-Dodecylmercaptan	0.4wt%
Composition in dropping vessel	Methylethylketone	23.6wt%
	IMILEX™-P	7.8wt%
	Styrene	35.7wt%
Temperature	85 C
Period	5 hours
Atmosphere	Nitrogen

After the reaction, the reaction mixture is poured into plenty of methanol. Then, the copolymer is separated from the solution by filtration and dried under reduced pressure.

Properties of IMILEX-P/styrene copolymer

Composition：Styrene/N-Phenylmaleimide = 70/30 (Molar ratio)
Molecular Weight ：Mw = 10*10⁴ (G.P.C., Polystyrene standard)
  5*10⁴ (G.P.C., Polystyrene standard)

Glass transition temp.：165（DSC）

Modification of PVC

PVC is blended with ABS resin in order to improve its low impact strength at low temperature, however, the softening temperature of the blend is still low. IMILEX-P is effective for improvement of the softening temperature.

Handling and Hazards

Please refer to Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detail)

Toxicology

Skin irritation	Mild to moderately irritative
	Skin inflames when IMILEX-P is kept contacting with skin
Eye irritation	Moderately irritative
Acute oral toxicity (LD50)	128mg/kg (rat, male), 148mg/kg (rat, female)
Mutagenicity	Negative

Handling and Protection

Read material safety data sheet (MSDS) before handling IMILEX-P. Put on rubber gloves, long sleeve clothing, gas mask for organic gas and protective spectacles to avoid contact with skin, especially contact with eyes when handling IMILEX-P. Take off the clothing which IMILEX-P contacts after handling. If you have any question about handling IMILEX-P, please contact us.

First Aid

Contact with skin: Flush with running water using a mild soap. Contact with eyes: Gently rinse with clean water for at least 15 minutes and call a physician.

Storage

Store in a warehouse at temperature lower than 40 C. Avoid sunshine and moisture.

Please read Safety Data Sheet (SDS) before handling.

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